However, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) regards the Russell terrier as a sub-type of Jack Russell terrier. Some authorities recognize a similar but separate breed as the Russell Terrier – a shorter-legged, stockier dog, with a range of 20–30 cm (8–12 in). Each breed has different physical characteristics according to the standards of their national breed clubs size and proportions are often used to tell them apart. Small Size Plastic Dogs Muzzle Basket Design, Anti-Biting, Adjusting Straps, Mask for Dog/Puppy, (Brown) Medium Strips Dog Muzzle (Brown) 189 189 (189/count) 399 399 Save 210 (53) Get it by Wednesday, September 29Small tan and white terriers that technically belong to other breeds are sometimes known erroneously as "Jack Russells". New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast.
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Recognition by kennel clubs for the Jack Russell breed has been opposed by the breed's parent societies – which resulted in the breeding and recognition of the Parson Russell terrier. It has gone through several changes over the years, corresponding to different use and breed standards set by kennel clubs. Originating from dogs bred and used by the Reverend John Russell in the early 19th century, from whom the breed takes its name, the Jack Russell has similar origins to the modern Fox Terrier. They are relatively free from any serious health complaints. Technically, the Parson Russell is usually larger and officially limited to a middle range, with a standard size of 30–36 cm (12–14 in), whereas the Jack Russell is a broader type, with a size range of 25–38 cm (10–15 in) Jack Russells are an energetic breed that rely on a high level of exercise and stimulation.
By the 1850s, these dogs were recognised as a distinct breed. She was the basis for a breeding program to develop a terrier with high stamina for the hunt as well as the courage and formation to chase out foxes that had gone to ground. Her colouring was described as ".white, with just a patch of dark tan over each eye and ear whilst a similar dot, not larger than a penny piece, marks the root of the tail." Davies, a friend of Russell's, wrote: "Trump was such an animal as Russell had only seen in his dreams". Trump epitomised his ideal fox terrier, which, at the time, was a term used for any terrier which was used to bolt foxes out of their burrows. Difficulty in differentiating the dog from the creature it was pursuing brought about the need for a mostly white dog, and so in 1819 during his last year of university at Exeter College, Oxford, he purchased a small white and tan terrier female named Trump from a local milkman in the nearby small hamlet of Elsfield or Marston.
However, documented pedigrees earlier than 1862 have not been found. The Fox terrier and Jack Russell terrier type dogs of today are all descended from dogs of that period. It is unlikely, however, that any dogs alive today can be proved to be descendants from Trump, as Russell was forced to sell all his dogs on more than one occasion because of financial difficulty, and had only four aged (and non-breeding) terriers left when he died in 1883. This line of terriers developed by John Russell was well respected for those qualities, and his dogs were often taken on by hunt enthusiasts. Russell was said to have prided himself that his terriers never tasted blood.
After John Russell Carlisle Tack, a Fox terrier born in 1884, who was owned by John Russell. Many breeds can claim heritage to the early Fox Terrier of this period, including the Brazilian Terrier, Japanese Terrier, Miniature Fox Terrier, Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz, Rat Terrier, and Tenterfield Terrier. By the start of the 20th century, the Fox Terrier had altered more towards the modern breed, but in some parts of the country the old style of John Russell's terriers remained, and it is from those dogs that the modern Jack Russell type has descended. The Fox Terrier Club was formed in 1875 with Russell as one of the founder members its breed standard was aspiration, and not a description of how the breed appeared then.
Arthur Blake Heinemann created the first breed standard and, in 1894, he founded the Devon and Somerset Badger Club, the aims of which were to promote badger digging rather than fox hunting, and the breeding of terriers suitable for this purpose. The type aimed for were not as big as the show Fox Terrier and were usually less than 7 kg (15 lb). East, at one point, had several couples, all of which were descended from one of Russell's dogs.
At the same time that a split was appearing between show and working Fox terriers, a further split was occurring between two different types of white terrier, both carrying Jack Russell's name. Badger digging required a different type of dog than fox hunting, and it is likely that Bull Terrier stock was introduced to strengthen the breed, which may have caused the creation of a shorter legged variety of Jack Russell terrier that started to appear around this period. The club was later renamed the Parson Jack Russell Terrier Club. By the turn of the 20th century, Russell's name had become associated with this breed of dog.
The offspring of these crosses became known as "Puddin' Dogs", "Shortie Jacks", or " Russell Terriers". Further crossbreeding occurred, with Welsh Corgis, Chihuahuas, and other smaller breeds of terrier. The dogs were increasingly used as family and companion dogs. Post-World War II Following World War II, the requirement for hunting dogs drastically declined, and with it the numbers of Jack Russell terriers. Following Heinemann's death in 1930, the kennel and leadership of the club passed to Annie Harris, but the club itself folded shortly before World War II. These classes were continued for several years by various judges, but Charles Cruft dropped the attempt as the classes were never heavily competed.
Although the application was initially rejected, a new standard was created for the PJRTCGB based on the standard of the SEJRTC, and under that standard the breed was recognised by the Kennel Club in 1990 as the Parson Jack Russell terrier. In 1983, the Parson Jack Russell Club of Great Britain (PJRTCGB) was resurrected to seek Kennel Club recognition for the breed. While the JRTCGB sought to ensure that the breed's working ability remained through non-recognition with other breed registries, the SEJRTC activity sought recognition with the UK Kennel Club.
Under the AKC-recognised standard, the size of the breed was narrowed from the previous club's standard, and the name of the AKC-recognised Jack Russell Terrier was changed to Parson Russell Terrier, with the Jack Russell Terrier Breeders Association renamed to the Parson Russell Terrier Association of America. The Jack Russell Terrier Breeders Association formed and petitioned the AKC the breed's admission was granted in 2001. This move was opposed by the Jack Russell Terrier Club of America as they did not want the breed to lose its essential working characteristics. In the late 1990s, the American Kennel Club explored the possibility of recognising the Jack Russell Terrier.
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